Magnetic transducer comprising a gap of variable larger dimension for reading and writing data present on a magnetic carrier

ABSTRACT

Transducer intended for read/write functions on a magnetic data carrier wherein the data is contained within a plurality of tracks. The transducer includes a magnetic circuit formed by two pole pieces separated by a gap parallel to the carrier, having its larger dimensions perpendicular to the direction of travel of the data of a track and a winding coupled magnetically to this circuit. 
     The larger dimension of the gap varies depending on the nature of the function performed by the transducer. At least one thin layer of magnetic material is deposited across the pole pieces at each outer edge thereof and spaced from each other. The magnetic layers may be deposited in recesses formed in the pole pieces. The pole pieces may be constricted and include thin magnetic layers deposited on the lateral surfaces to channel magnetic flux lines.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Magnetic Transducer for Reading and/or Recording of Data Contained on a Magnetic Carrier; Jean-Pierre Lazzari; Michel Helle; and Jacques Desserre; Ser. No. 242,923 filed Mar. 12, 1981; corresponding to French Application No. 80.07454.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to magnetic transducers. It is applicable in particular for the reading and writing of data present on a magnetic record carrier, such as rigid or flexible magnetic discs and tapes.

2. Description of the Prior Art

It is known that in order to record data on a magnetic record carrier, at least one modification of one of its magnetic properties is produced on (or in) this carrier at a plurality of perfectly defined points of the carrier, which is manifested by at least one variation of the physical quantity characterizing the said property. Reading of data is performed by detecting these changes and by converting the aforesaid change in physical quantity into a variation of another physical quantity, which is most frequently a variation of the voltage or current of an electrical signal.

For a clear comprehension of the object of the present invention, it may be advantageous to recall a few principles regarding magnetism. First, to magnetize a magnetic material within which the magnetic induction is weak, the material is first exposed to a positive magnetic field H_(s) whose strength is sufficient to saturate the material, meaning that the magnetic induction in the material reaches a limiting value B_(s). The external magnetic field is then removed. A magnetic induction greater than zero, referred to as "remanent induction" B_(r) and characteristic of the material, then remains in the material. The ratio B/H between the induction and the magnetic field when the field H is caused to change towards zero, is referred to as the "initial magnetic permeability of the material", and this can be generally illustrated on an initial magnetization curve.

An anisotrophic magnetic material has two preferential directions of magnetization at right angles to each other. One of these is referred to as the "direction of easy magnetization". The other is referred to as "direction of difficult magnetization". The initial permeability of the material in the direction of difficult magnetization is considerably greater than the initial permeability of the material in the direction of easy magnetization. The magnetic property utilized to record data on a magnetic carrier is defined, for example, either by the absence or presence of a remanent magnetic induction or by an optional variation of the magnetization.

Two forms of carriers, discs and tapes, are frequently employed in connection with magnetic recording and reading. Magnetic discs carry data on circular concentric recording tracks which have a radial width not exceeding a few hundreths of a millimeter and commonly cover the greater part of both their surfaces. Magnetic tapes carry data on tracks parallel to the tape length.

The means most frequently employed which enable data either to be recorded on carriers such as discs or tapes, or to be read from carriers, or finally to effect the one or the other of these functions, are referred to as "magnetic transducers". As a rule, one or more transducers is or are associated with a record carrier, and the carrier travels or is driven past the transducer. To simplify matters, it will be assumed in the remainder of the description that only one transducer is associated with one carrier; however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a multi-track carrier may have a plurality of transducers associated therewith.

A magnetic transducer comprises a magnetic circuit having pole pieces around which is disposed a winding, and which also comprises a gap. This gap is situated at a very small distance from the carrier surface, ranging from between zero to a few tens of microns. The winding comprises electric input and/or output wires. In order to record data on the carrier associated with the transducer, the winding is supplied with an electric current of which the direction or the period of traversal in said winding may be varied. The carrier is thus exposed to a magnetic field intensity varying in direction, generated by the transducer in direct proximity to its gap, (between zero and a few tens of microns) and which produces on each track of the carrier a series of small magnetic areas which have magnetic inductions of opposed direction and of which the size is linked to the longitudinal recording density. For a magnetic disc, the number of magnetic areas per unit of length measured along the circumference of the track, is referred to as the longitudinal density. These areas, which are known as "elementary magnetic areas" are distributed throughout the length of the track.

Conversely, when the data of a given carrier travels before the gap of the associated transducer, the transducer may read the data by delivering electric playback or read signals via its electric input and/or output wires. These signals are in turn transmitted to electronic read circuits associated with the transducers.

The present trend in the development of magnetic transducers is to produce, in accordance with the technique for production of integrated circuits, transducers of ever smaller size (for example, having gaps of a size of the order of one to a few tens of microns). Transducers of this kind are manufactured, for example, by Compagnie Internationale Pour L'Informatique Cii-Honeywell Bull, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,665.

A transducer of this kind comprises a magnetic circuit formed by two pole pieces in thin layers, joined at one extremity in such a manner that they are coupled magnetically, and positioned with the other extremities close to the record carrier associated with the transducer in such a manner as to form a gap. The gap has a shape approximating that of a rectangle and its larger dimension is of the order of the radial width of the carrier tracks. The carrier extends substantially perpendicular to the pole pieces. One of the pole pieces is arranged on a substrate of insulating material. An electric winding is formed by thin conductive layers superposed in a direction at right angles to the plane of the pole pieces, and separated from each other by thin electrically insulating layers. The term "thin layer" denotes layers of which the thickness is of the order of a few Angstroms to a few microns. One part of the winding passes between the two pole pieces so that it may be said that these latter form a sheath for this part of the winding.

The magnetic record carrier associated with the transducer travels before the same perpendicular to the plane of the pole pieces and in a direction perpendicular to the larger dimension of the gap.

In current practice, the magnetic material forming the pole pieces is perferably anisotrophic and its axis of difficult magnetization is directed perpendicular to the record carrier.

Let us assme that each pole piece has a substantially rectangular shape. Its larger dimension is normal to the direction of travel of the record carrier. The axis of difficult magnetization of the magnetic material forming each pole piece is such that it has the same direction as the larger dimension of the pole piece.

It is known that the elementary magnetic areas forming the data of a track of the magnetic record carrier produce a magnetic leakage flux in direct proximity to the carrier surface. This magnetic flux is picked up by the gap of the integrated magnetic transducer associated with the same.

If φ denotes the magnetic flux penetrating into the gap of the transducer, and φ_(m) the magnetic flux passing through the winding of the same and consequently making it possible to generate a read signal, the transfer coefficient T of the integrated magnetic transducer is defined by the relationship T=φ_(m) /φ_(t). For this transfer coefficient to be the maximum possible, one of the conditions which should be fulfilled is to have a high permeability of the thin magnetic layers forming the pole pieces, and this in the flux circulation direction. It is apparent that the utilization of an anisotrophic magnetic material whose axis of difficult magnetization extends perpendicular to the record carrier, allows the realization of this condition.

The advantages of an integrated magnetic transducer whose pole pieces are formed by an anisotrophic magnetic material, being the transducer described in the foregoing, are described in particular in the aforesaid U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,665. Improvements may be made in such transducers in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601. These improvements make it possible to increase the efficiency of these transducers during writing as well as reading. Write efficiency is defined as the ratio between the magnetic flux generated by the transducer close to the gap, and the write current passing through the winding. Read efficiency is the ratio between the voltage available at the terminals of the winding and the magnetic flux which penetrates into the transducer at the level of the gap.

An integrated transducer as described in the aforesaid U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601 comprises pole pieces which have a constriction at the level of the gap. The length of the constriction of the pole pieces in a plane parallel to the record carrier and situated in front of the carrier is equal to the large dimension of the gap, and is referred to as the "geometric track width LP_(g) ". To form this constricvion, the pole pieces are machined by ionic attack over a depth of attack equal to p_(a) (p_(a) is of the order of a few microns) which produces concave lateral surfaces of the pole pieces referred to as S₂ -S₃, S'₂ -S'₃ situated, respectively, at either side of the gap. The surface of the pole pieces at the level of the gap, in the plane of the same, having a width LP_(g) and parallel to the record carrier, is designated S₁. If L is the width mf the pole pieces (small dimension of these pieces) prior to machining by ionic attack, L/LP_(g) is commonly substantially equal to 2.

For reading, let us, for example, consider a particular track P of a magnetic disc having a supposedly insulated circular symmetry axis Ax_(p), and three different positions POS₀, POS₁, and POS₂, which may be assumed by the transducer with respect to this track. In the position POS₀, the gap of the transducer is centered perfectly in alignment with the track; this means that irrespective of the elementary magnetic area of the track envisaged, the axis Ax_(p) of the track in this area and the symmetry axis Ax_(E) of the gap normal to the plane of the pole pieces, are then situated in an identical plane normal to the carrier and are parallel to each other. In this position, the voltage of the read signal collected at the terminals of the transducer or winding is a maximum, or say A.

In the positions POS₁ and POS₂ which are symmetrical with respect to POS₀ (the symmetry axis Ax_(E) of the gap is shifted by an identical distance with respect to the axis Ax_(p)), the voltage of the signal collected at the terminals of the winding is nil.

By definition, the read track width LP_(L) refers to half the width of the space situated at either side of the position POS₀ for which the voltage of the signal supplied by the winding is greater than or equal to 5% of A.

In current practice, it is observed that LP_(L) is substantially greater than the write track width LP_(E) ; as a matter of fact, another signal may be superimposed over the signal for reading the data of the track P, whether the track P is insulated or not. The following facts may enable a clearer grasp of the reasons for this action. During a first write operation on a track P of a record carrier by the integrated transducer associated with the same, the transducer, for example, occupies the position POS₀ specified above. The circular symmetry axis of the track P then written is referred to as Ax_(p). If it is assumed that the track P is not insulated, P' and P" denote the tracks adjacent to the track P which are written on the carrier by the transducer. During a second write operation of an identical track P, the transducer occupies a position POS'₀ very close to but different from POS₀. The shift δ between these two positions is of the order of a few microns, in practice. This is attributable to the fact that the accuracy of the system for positioning the transducer with respect to the record carrier has a given maximum limit equal to the shift δ, which cannot be improved. The new track P written consequently has a magnetic axis Ax'_(p) staggered by δ with respect to Ax_(p).

Analogously, it is apparent that the two adjacent tracks P' and P" occupy a slightly different position on the carrier from that which they had occupied following the first write operation. Consequently, a zone containing magnetic data having the memory of the previous state of the carrier, that is of the state the carrier had following the first read operation for example, and whose width is substantially equal to the shift δ, is thus present at either side of the new track P having the circular symmetry axis Ax'_(p).

The term "immediate surroundings of the track P" denotes the aggregate formed by the data of the zone having the width and by those of the two adjacent tracks P' and P".

The fact that the read track width LP_(L) is greater than the write width LP_(E) is essentially attributable to the following action: if, during the write operation the magnetic flux generated by the transducer allowing the writing of data on the carrier passes essentially through the surface S₁ (a small part of this flux passes through the lateral concave surfaces S₂ -S₃ -S'₂ -S'₃), then in exchange, during the read operation, the concave lateral surfaces S₂ and S₃, S'₂ and S'₃ intercept a great part of the magnetic flux generated by the immediate magnetic surroundings of the track P. It is shown that the main reason for this action derives from the extensive anisotrophy of the material forming the pole pieces of the transducer.

The signal supplied by the winding of the transducer originating from the magnetic flux generated by the data of the track P, is referred to as "useful signal S", whereas the signal delivered by the winding originating from the magnetic flux generated by the immediate magnetic surroundings of the track P is referred to as "interference signal or noise signal B".

In current practice, the ratio S/B useful signal/noise of a transducer of this nature may be considered too low especially for some applications, particularly if the number of tracks of the carrier per unit of length is large. For a magnetic disc, this number is referred to as "radial density".

Solutions are known in practice for eliminating this drawback, the most current of which consists in forming an array of two magnetic transducers (integrated or not), having gaps of which the larger dimensions are parallel and different (it may thus be stated that the two gaps are parallel) and which have the same axis and the same symmetry plane perpendicular to their larger dimensions (and parallel to the direction of travel of the carrier).

The first gap, referred to as write gap, has a large dimension (geometric track width LP_(g)) substantially equal to the width of the track written on the carrier LP_(E), whereas the second gap, referred to as the read gap, has a large dimension GD_(L) which is smaller than LP_(g) and which is such that the entire surface of the gap and of the pole pieces at the level of the same is situated wholly in alignment with the track which is in course of being read by the read transducer.

Nevertheless, such an array of two transducers requires high precision in its production in its production process, particularly in establishing coincidence between the axes of symmetry of the large dimensions of the two gaps. An array of this kind is difficult to produce and thus costly. It is demonstrated moreover that the electromagnetic efficiencies of each of the two transducers during the read as well as write operations are comparatively low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention makes it possible to eliminate these drawbacks by the provision of a single transducer having a single gap of which the larger dimension varies according to the nature of the function it performs, writing or reading. The larger dimension during the read operation is smaller than the larger dimension during the write operation, this latter being a function of the intensity of the current flowing in the winding of the transducer.

According to the present invention, the read-write transducer for a magnetic data carrier which travels in front of the transducer head, the data being contained within a plurality of tracks, comprises: a magnetic circuit formed by two pole pieces separated by a gap parallel to the carrier, of which the larger dimension is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the data of the tracks; and a winding coupled magnetically with this circuit, and is characterized in that the larger dimension of the gap varies in accordance with the nature of the function performed by the transducer (writing or reading operation).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the larger dimension during the write operation (greater than the larger dimension during the read operation) is a function of the current passing through the winding. This is accomplished by positioning at least one thin magnetic layer at either side of the larger dimension of the gap considered for reading the operation in question.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an integrated magnetic transducer for reading and/or writing data present on a carrier, in accordance with the prior art, as described in the two aforenoted U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,723,665 and 3,846,842. FIG. 1 is made up of three views, FIG. 1a, FIG. 1b and FIG. 1c. FIGS. 1a and 1b are three-quarter perspective views and FIG. 1c is a view in cross-section along a plane perpendicular to the carrier and parallel to the direction of travel of the same;

FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of an integrated magnetic transducer according to the prior art, as described in the aforenoted U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601, the pole pieces of this transducer comprising a constriction at the level of the gap. FIG. 2 is made up of two views, FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b. FIG. 2a is a three-quarter perspective view; and FIG. 2b is a view from above of the pole pieces;

FIG. 3 is made up of FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c, which, respectively, show the geometric trackwidth LP_(g), the write track width LP_(E) and the read track width LP_(L) ;

FIG. 4 clarifies the structure of the immediate magnetic surroundings of a track P of a record carrier such as a magnetic disc and the flux passing through the pole pieces;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view from below, looking up at two transducers, one of which performs the write function and the other of which performs the read function, the larger dimension of the gap of the write transducer being appreciably greater than the larger dimension of the gap of the read transducer, in accordance with the prior art.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the pole pieces at the level of the gap of a first embodiment of an integrated magnetic transducer in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 7 illustrates a second preferred embodiment of an integrated magnetic transducer in accordance with the invention and is made up of three views. FIG. 7a, FIG. 7b and FIG. 7c. FIG. 7a is a side view of the pole pieces at the level of the gap. FIG. 7b is a view from the magnetic record carrier associated with the transducer; and FIG. 7c is a three-quarter perspective view of the transducer.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

For a better understanding of the integrated magnetic transducer in accordance with the invention, it may be useful to give some remainders, on the one hand regarding the integrated magnetic transducers of the prior art illustrated by FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a and 2b, and on the other hand, regarding the disadvantages these have upon reading data, illustrated by FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c and 4.

Integrated magnetic transducers of the type to which the present invention relates have already been described in aforenoted U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,723,665 and 3,846,842 and 4,016,601, the subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

As is apparent from FIGS. 1a to 1c, an integrated magnetic transducer TMA acccording to the prior art comprises a magnetic circuit formed by two magnetic pole pieces PP₁ and PP₂ in the form of thin layers, which are totally superimposed and magnetically coupled to a winding BOB. The pole pieces PP₁ and PP₂ are interconnected magnetostatically at a first extremity EXT and form the gap G at the other extremity. The pole piece PP₁ is placed on a substrate SUBS of insulating material as is apparent from FIG. 1c.

In FIGS. 1b and 1c, the transducer TMA is shown arranged opposite a record carrier SM of which only a part has been shown to simplify matters. This carrier comprises a plurality of recording tracks of which only the track P is shown, which comprises a plurality of elementary magnetic areas of which only three are shown, namely the areas A₁, A₂ and A₃ in FIG. 1b, and five, being A₁ to A₅ in FIG. 1c. The carrier SM which travels in the direction of the arrow F is, for example, a magnetic disc forming part of a disc memory. Disc memories are used increasingly in data processing systems because of their storage capacity and of the comparatively short time taken by the write and/or read transducers to gain access to an item of information contained at any point of the disc starting from the instant at which they receive from the said processing system the order to gain access to this information.

The pole pieces PP₁ and PP₂ commonly comprise an assembly of several thin magnetic layers and thin insulating layers in stacked form, each magnetic layer being separated from the next layer by an insulating layer. The assembly thus specified, whether it comprises one or several thin magnetic layers, is normally denoted by the general name "thin magnetic layers".

The winding BOB is formed by a series of thin conductive and insulating layers stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the magnetic pole pieces PP₁ and PP₂, a part of the thin conductive and insulating layers delimiting the gap G. The insulating layers are placed between the conductive layers. In order to simplify FIG. 1c, there has only been illustrated the conductive layers, namely CO₁ to CO₁₀, in the embodiment illustrated in this same figure. These conductive layers which have the same shape are of different size, are inteconnected by conductive connecting elements which are not shown in FIGS. 1a and 1c, to simplify matters.

In current practice, the winding BOB comprises a center point B, its corresponding extremities being C and A. In known manner, in a disc memory comprising several transducers associated with several discs, any transducer which is intended to perform a read operation is selected by transmitting an electrical selection pulse to its center point B.

The winding BOB comprises three output conductors, namely the conductors C₁, C₂, C₃ (FIG. 1b) which are connected to the electronic read and/or write circuits of the disc memory containing the disc SM.

In current practice, the integrated magnetic transducers are preferably produced in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601) such that the lateral width of the pole piece layers at the front edge, left hand side as viewed in the drawing, is less than the width of the remaining portions toward the rear of the pole piece layers. The pole pieces are thus said to be constricted or narrowed at the front of the transducer adapted to be positioned close to the carrier and the front lateral edges of the pole pieces extend rearwardly in a smooth concave curve. The terms front, rear and the like are relative terms used only for the purpose of orientation.

As is apparent from these same figures which illustrate transducer TMAP and U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601, the pole pieces PP₃ and PP₄ of this latter are made of a magnetically anisotropic material of which the axis of difficult magnetization is aligned along the direction DDA perpendicular to the magnetic carrier SM, which remains tangent to the surface of the pole pieces. The axis of easy magnetization of the pole pieces PP₃ and PP₄ is aligned along the direction DFA perpendicular to the direction of difficult magnetization DDA and parallel to the record carrier SM. It is clear that the axis of easy magnetization is equally tangent to the surface of the pole pieces PP₃ and PP₄.

At the level of its gap GP, the transducer TMAP comprises a constriction RET at opposite sides having an attack depth P_(a) commonly of the order of 5 to 6 microns. This constriction is such that the length of the gap LP_(g) is appreciably smaller than the width L of the pole pieces without this constriction, that is to say the width of the pole pieces before machining. As stated above, the ratio L/LP_(g) is of the order of 2 in current practice. As apparent from FIG. 2b, the restriction RET renders it possible to form smooth concave lateral surfaces of the pole pieces S₂ -S₃, S'₂ -S'₃. The surface S₂ (S'₂) is such that the angle which it makes with the normal to the carrier SM is very small whereas the angle made by the surface S₃ (S'₃) with this same normal to the record carrier is greater and approaches 90°.

The aforenoted U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,601 discloses such a transducer TMAP having a constriction RET, which makes it possible to record recording tracks P of specific width LP_(E) on the carrier SM with high precision.

As is apparent from FIGS. 2b and 3a, this latter being a three-quarter perspective view showing the parts of the pole pieces closest to a record carrier SM, with the transducer TMAP being shown above a recording track P of the associated carrier, the width of the write track LP_(E) is substantially equal to or a little greater than the geometric track width LP_(G) of the transducer TMAP (length of the gap G). This is caused by a high concentration of the flux lines at the level of the gap ocupled with the anisotropy of the pole pieces and consequently to the high magnetic permeability along the direction DDA.

The symbol S₁ will be used to denote the surface of the pole pieces in the plane PE of the gap GP, plane PE being parallel to the record carrier SM.

FIGS. 3b and 3c in connection with the following description will convey a clearer grasp of the definition of the width of the read track LP_(L). In the positions POS₀ in which the gap GP of the transducer TMAP is centered perfectly above the track P having a write track width LP_(E) and assumed to be separate (it is apparent that the symmetry axes contained in the plane of the figure, of the pole pieces of the transducer and of the track P coincide), the signal delivered by the transducer has a maximum voltage A as shown in FIG. 3C. In the positions POS₁, the voltage of the signal supplied by the transducer TMAP is nil and the same applies when the transducer occupies the position POS₂ symmetrical to the position POS₁ with respect to the position POS₀.

When the transducer TMAP occupies a position comprised between the positions π₁ and π₂, for which the signal delivered is equal to or greater than 5% of A, it is said by definition that the distance between the positions π₁ and π₂ is equal to 2×LP_(L).

As stated above, the principal disadvantage of such a transducer TMAP is that the read width LP_(L) is greater than the write width LP_(E) (and consequently the geometric track width LP_(g)). The reasons for this will emerge more clearly by reference to FIG. 4. Let a track P₁ and a track P₂ by considered on the magnetic record carrier SM (assumed to be a disc). To simplify matters, it is assumed that the write width LP_(E) of these tracks is equal to the geometric track width LP_(g) of the integrated transducer TMAP in accordance with the prior art. It is assumed moreover that each of the tracks P₁ and P₂ occupies, on average, the positions POSM₁ and POSM₂ spaced apart by a distance DIP. These positions are denoted by the symmetry axes of the tracks P₁ and P₂ situated in the plane of the figure (axis at right angles to the surface of the magnetic disc SM). It is assumed furthermore that these axes generally represent mean positions occupied by the transducer TMAP when the latter performs read or write operations. These axes consequently represent the symmetry axes of the pole pieces PP₃ and PP₄ of the transducer.

In current practice, the distance DIP is a little greater than the width of the write track LP_(E). Consequently, for a magnetic disc whose radial recording density is of the order of 240 tracks per centimeter, the distance DIP is of the order of 40 microns, whereas the length LP_(E) is of the order of 30 microns.

As stated in the foregoing, the device or means of the disc memory which contains the magnetic disc SM which allows of positioning the transducer TMAP in alignment with the tracks P₁ and P₂ (and equally with all the other tracks of the disc) and which is well known in the art has a specified positioning precision δ of the order of a few microns. This means that during read or write operatins on the track P₁, the integrated magnetic transducer will have a position comprised between a position POSLG₁ referred to as "left limiting position" and a position POSLD₁ referred to as "right limiting position". Positions POSLG₁ and POSLD₁ are symmetrical with respect to the median position POSM₁ and are spaced apart from the same by a distance δ. They are equally shown by axes in broken lines in FIG. 4.

When the transducer TMAP occupies the left-hand limiting position POSLG₁, the left-hand edge of its gap occupies a position marked LG₁ whereas if the transducer occupies the right-hand limiting position POSLD₁, the right-hand edge of its gap occupies the right-hand limiting position LD₁.

Similarly, during write or read operations on the track P₂, the transducer TMAP will occupy a position comprised between the left-hand and right-hand limiting positions POSLG₂ and POSLD₂ symmetrical to each other with respect to the mean position POSM₂ and spaced apart from the same by the distance δ. In these circumstances the left-hand edge of the gap occupies the position LG₂ and the right-hand edge of the gap occupies the position LD₂ (see FIG. 4). To simplify matters, it is assumed that the gap edge positions LD₁ and LG₂ are practically coincident.

In FIG. 4, it was assumed that the tracks P₁ and P₂ are written when the transducer TMAP occupies, respectively, the right-hand limiting positions POSLD₁ and POSLD₂.

Let it be assumed that the transducer TMAP performs the read operations on the track P₂ while occupying the left-hand limiting position POSLG₂, that is to say, the most disadvantageous position for reading the track P₂.

In these circumstances, the magnetic flux passing through the pole pieces of the transducer TMAP and giving rise to a read signal, may be divided into three parts:

1. a flux φ_(PU), referred to as useful flux, which is the magnetic leakage flux transmitted by the magnetic data of the track P₂ as described (position POSLD₂);

2. a flux φ_(R) caused by write residues of a previously written track P₂ (the transducer then occupying a different position from POSLD₂, for example, the position POSLG₂); and

3. a flux attributable to the adjacent track P₁, denoted by φ_(PA).

The fluxes φ_(R) and φ_(PA) which penetrate, respectively, through the surfaces S₁ and S'₂, S'₃ and S'₄ of the pole pieces and via the gap GP of the transducer TMAP, constitute a parasitic flux φ_(PAR) =φ_(PA) +φ_(R) transmitted by the direct magnetic surroundings of the track P₂. Consequently, it may be stated that this environment is formed by the write residue of the previously written track P₂, and by the adjacent track P₁. A noise signal B corresponds to this parasitic flux. The useful flux φ_(PU) gives rise to a read signal S.

In current practice, it is sought to improve the S/B ratio by means of an assembly of two transducers such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5.

As stated in the foregoing, such an assembly ENSLE comprises a read transducer TR_(L) of which the gap EN_(L) has a larger dimension GD_(L), and a write transducer TR_(E) of which the gap EN_(E) has a larger dimension LP_(g) substantially equal to the track width P written on the magnetic recored carrier SM (track width equal to LP_(E)). The gaps EN_(E) and EN_(L) even have the axis and symmetry plane perpendicular to their larger dimension (and to the plane of FIG. 5).

For the reasons already stated above, the assembly ENSLE of the two transducers TR_(E) is troublesome and complex.

The present invention, illustrated by FIGS. 6, 7a, 7b and 7c, make it possible to eliminate this disadvantage by organizing a single transducer having a single gap to perform the read and write operations carried out, respectively, by the two transducers TR_(E) and TR_(L) of the assembly ENSLE.

The larger dimension of the gap of the transducer in accordance with the invention varies in accordance with the function it fulfills (write or read function.) Thus, the larger dimension GD_(L) of the gap during the read operation is smaller than the larger dimension GD_(E) it assumes during the write operation, this latter being such that GD_(E) is greater than GD_(L) and GD_(E) is smaller than GD_(MAX), where GD_(MAX) is a maximum quantity which is a function of the width of the tracks of the record carraier it is wished to obtain.

FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of a transducer TMI₁ in accordance with the invention, comprising pole pieces PP₅ and PP₆ having a constriction RETI₁ of width GD_(MAX). It is recalled that PE is used to denote the plane parallel to the record carrier SM defined at the level of the constriction by the surfaces of the pole pieces PP₅ -PP₆, situated opposite the same.

The transducer TMI₁ comprises two magnetic layers CME₁ and CME₂ situated at either side of the larger dimension GD_(L) of the gap in question during a read operation. The layers are disposed on the surface of the pole pieces PP₅ and PP₆ as well as on the surface of the conductors and insulators forming the gap ENI₁ of the transducer, being a surface contained in the plane PE. That is to say, the layers CME₁ and CME₂ extend across the lower surfaces of the pole piece, extending parallel to the edge of the pole piece along the axis of the track and inward a distance less than to the center axis of the pole piece to form a gap GD_(L) between the two layers.

FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c show a second preferred embodiment TMI₂ of an integrated transducer in accordance with the invention, which is more advantageous.

It is apparent that the two magnetic layers CME₃ and CME₄ situated at either side of the greater dimension GD_(L) of the gap in question during the read operation, are disposed in recesses CR₁ and CR₂ formed in the pole pieces PP₇ and PP₈ of the transducer (and equally in the insulating and conductive layers situated between these pieces at the level of the gap). It is clearly apparent in this case that the surface of the layers CME₃ and CME₄ positioned opposite the magnetic record carrier SM is situated in the plane PE (this latter having the same definition as for the transducer TMI) such that the exposed surfaces of layers CME₃ and CME₄ and the surfaces of the pole pieces PP₇ and PP₈ (and the insulating and conductive layers therebetween) are in the same plane.

In FIGS. 6, 7a and 7c, the directions of easy magnetizations DFA and of difficult magnetization DDA of the pole pieces PP₅ and PP₆ on the one hand, and PP₇ and PP₈ on the other hand, preferably are produced from an anisotropic magnetic material.

To illustrate the operation of an integrated magnetic transducer in accordance with the invention, the transducer TMI₂, of FIG. 7, for example, is considered, its gap being marked ENI₂.

During a read operation, the larger dimension of the gap is equal to GD_(L) which means that the lines of magnetic flux transmitted by the magnetic data of the track P of the carrier SM having a width LP_(E), are channelled over a width GD_(L) at the level of the gap ENI₂. Practically none of the flux lines transmitted by the direct magnetic surroundings of the track P pass through the gap nor penetrate into the winding BOBI₂ of the transducer. This latter flux lines are channelled through the magnetic layers CME₃ and CME₄ which operate as a magnetic shunt with respect to these. It may by stated that the signal/noise ratio S/B of the transducer in accordance with the invention is superior during a read operation to that of a transducer in accordance with the prior art like the transducer TMAP of the transducer TR_(L) of the assembly EMSLE. It is apparent on the other hand that it may be considered during a read operation that the two magnetic layers CME₃ and CME₄ are not only opaque to this magnetic flux transmitted by the direct magnetic surroundings of the track P but equally opaque to the magnetic flux transmitted by the data of this same track.

During the write operation, as soon as the current in the winding reaches a particular value I₀, the larger dimension of the gap effectively increases to reach the value GD_(MAX) for a value of I a little greater than I₀ and denoted by I_(MAX).

During a write operation, when the current passing through the winding increases, the distribution of the induction in the anisotropic magnetic material of the pole pieces PP₇ and PP₈ changes in such a manner that magnetic induction components perpendicular to the plane PE, which take part in the magnetic write field, appear in the thin magnetic layers CME₃ and CME₄ ; these components appear more particularly at the junction between the layers CME₃ and CME₄ and the surface of the pole pieces not covered by these, which has the result of linking the write width LP_(E) to the write current.

In conclusion, it may be stated that if the current I in the winding is comprised between I₀ and I_(MAX), the larger dimension GD_(E) in the gap ENI₂ during a write operation is such that GD_(L) is smaller than GD_(E), which is itself smaller than or equal to GD_(MAX), and that for I I₀, GD_(E) =GD_(L).

The material forming the layers CME₃ and CME₄ may be magnetically isotropic or anisotropic, and may, for example, consist of iron-nickel Fe-Ni, the thickness of these layers being of the order of 1000 Angstroms.

It will be apparent that the solutions specified and claimed in the aforenoted application filed together with the present patent application by the applicants under the title "Magnetic Transducer for Reading and/or Recording of Data Contained on a Magnetic Carrier", Ser. No. 242,923, corresponding to French application No. 80.07454, are equally applicable to the transducer described and claimed in the present patent application. Accordingly, the subject matter of said application Ser. No. 242,923 is hereby incorporated by reference.

In that application, to reduce the noise B in a substantial manner and to thereby improve the S/B ratio, the surfaces S₂ -S₃, S'₂ -S'₃ situated at either side of the gap had deposited thereon a layer of magnetic material which may or may not be partially coupled magnetically with the pole pieces and whose function is to channel the magnetic flux lines coming from the immediate magnetic surroundings of the track P in such manner that this flux does not pass through the winding of the transducer.

It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the advantageous use of a layer of magnetic material on the surfaces S₂ -S₂, S'₂ -S'₃ can be combined with the advantageous use of a thin layer of magnetic material on either side of the large dimension of the gap GD_(L). Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 7d wherein flux channelling means MCF₁ and MCF₂, formed by magnetic layers, e.g. iron-nickel, Fe-Ni, are depposited on the concave lateral surfaces of the constriction RETI₁, namely surfaces S₂ -S₃ and S'₂ -S'₃. As in the case of layers CME₃ and CME₄, the layers are deposited across the entire surface from front edge to back edge, including the conductive and insulating layers situated in the gap between the pole pieces PP₇ and PP₈.

The flux channelling means MCF₁ and MCF₂ may comprise one or more thin layers, that is to say may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. They may be formed by an isotropic or anisotropic magnetic material. As is apparent from the same FIG. 7d, the two layers MCF₁ and MCF₂ may project at either side beyond the pole pieces PP₇ and PP₈ in a direction parallel to the plane of the substrate (as shown by broken lines in these figures) or in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate). It will be apparent from FIG. 7d, that the interference flux is channelled in its major proportion by means of the flux channelling means MCF₁. It will be equally apparent that a small part of the principal flux is channelled by the means MCF₂. It still applies in that situation in which the transducer according to the invention occupies the most unfavorable position for reading the track that the signal/noise ratio S/B is considerably improved with respect to that obtained by a transducer TMAP according to the prior art. Actually, although the useful signal S is reduced a little, the noise signal B is reduced to a much greater proportional extent so that the reduction of S is smaller than the increase of the factor 1/B. 

We claim:
 1. A magnetic transducer adapted to perform read/write functions on a magnetic data carrier which travels before the same, the data being contained within a plurality of tracks on the carrier, comprising:a magnetic circuit formed by two pole pieces separated by a gap parallel to the carrier, the gap having a larger dimension perpendicular to the direction of travel of the data of a track as it passes in front of said gap, a winding coupled magnetically to the magnetic circuit, and first means disposed across each pole piece and on opposite sides of the gap in the direction of its larger dimension for effectively varying the larger dimension of the gap in accordance with the nature of the function performed by the transducer.
 2. A transducer according to claim 1, in which the two pole pieces are formed by thin superimposed magnetic layers coupled magnetically at one extremity adapted to be positioned away from the carrier and spaced at the other extremity which is adapted to be positioned close to the carrier and substantially perpendicular thereto to form the gap, the larger dimension of the gap during a read function being effectively smaller than its larger dimension during a write function, the geometrical physical dimension of the gap being unchanged for both the read and the write function of the transducer.
 3. A transducer according to claim 2 wherein said first means comprises at least one thin magnetic layer across the pole pieces.
 4. A transducer according to claim 3, wherein the said magnetic layer is on the surface of the pole pieces situated in a plane parallel to the record carrier containing the plane of the gap for a read operation.
 5. A transducer according to claim 3, wherein said pole pieces have recesses at opposite sides and the said magnetic layer is situated in the recesses in the pole pieces such that the exposed surface of the layer is situated opposite the record carrier and in a plane parallel to the carrier and containing the plane of the gap for a reading operation.
 6. A transducer as set forth in claims 2 or 3 further including second means associated with the pole pieces and situated across the lateral surfaces of the pole pieces for channelling magnetic flux omitted by the immediate surrounding of the track of the record carrier during a read function such that the flux does not pass through the winding.
 7. A transducer according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic layers forming the first and second means are continuous.
 8. A magnetic transducer adapted to perform read/write functions on a magnetic data carrier which travels before the same, the data being contained within a plurality of tracks on the carrier, comprising:a magnetic circuit formed by two pole pieces separated by a gap parallel to the carrier, the gap having a larger dimension perpendicular to the direction of travel of the data of a track as it passes in front of said gap, a winding coupled magnetically to the magnetic circuit, and first means associated with the pole pieces for effectively varying the larger dimension of the gap in accordance with the nature of the function performed by the transducer, the two pole pieces being formed by thin superimposed magnetic layers coupled magnetically at one extremity and adapted to be positioned away from the carrier and spaced at the other extremity which is adapted to be positioned close to the carrier and substantially perpendicular thereto to form the gap, the larger dimension of the gap during a read function being effectively smaller than its larger dimension during a write function, the geometrical physical dimension of the gap being unchanged for both the read and the write function of the transducer, and said thin magnetic layers having a constriction of a width LP_(g) at the level of the gap defining the lateral side walls of the pole pieces in the form of concave lateral surfaces, and second means associated with the pole pieces comprising thin magnetic layers deposited on the said side walls for channelling magnetic flux.
 9. A transducer according to claim 8, wherein the said magnetic layers deposited on the side walls of the pole pieces are partially coupled magnetically to the said pole pieces.
 10. A transducer according to claim 8, wherein the magnetic layers forming the first and second means are continuous.
 11. A transducer according to claim 8 wherein said first means comprises at least one thin magnetic layer across the pole pieces.
 12. A transducer according to claim 11, wherein the said one magnetic layer is on the surface of the pole pieces situated in a plane parallel to the record carrier containing the plane of the gap for a read operation.
 13. A transducer according to claim 11, wherein said pole pieces have recesses at opposite sides and the said one magnetic layer is situated in the recesses in the pole pieces such that the exposed surface of the layer is situated opposite the record carrier and in a plane parallel to the carrier and containing the plane of the gap for a reading operation.
 14. A transducer as set forth in claims 8 or 11, wherein the second means associated with the pole pieces is situated across the lateral surfaces of the pole pieces for channelling magnetic flux omitted by the immediate surrounding of the track of the record carrier during a read function such that the flux does not pass through the winding. 